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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
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Systematic Search and Modified e-Delphi Consensus for Serum Bone Biomarkers in Humans and Animal Models with SCI:

Philemon Tsang1, Matthew Cleland1, Matheus Wiest2

  • 1KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute - University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation
|June 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bone biomarkers are crucial for understanding spinal cord injury (SCI) and guiding treatment. This study synthesized research to establish consensus on appropriate serum biomarkers for both animal and human SCI models.

Keywords:
bone biomarkersconsensusrehabilitationserumspinal cord injurytranslation

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Translational science
  • Bone metabolism and regeneration

Background:

  • Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to complex bone metabolism alterations, including decreased density and architecture, increasing fracture risk.
  • Bone biomarkers are essential for disease detection, therapy development, monitoring, and fracture risk assessment in SCI.
  • Existing literature on serum and plasma bone biomarkers in SCI models requires synthesis and consensus for effective translational research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing literature on serum and plasma bone biomarkers in animal and human SCI models.
  • To establish expert consensus on the appropriateness of specific serum bone biomarkers across the translational research continuum.
  • To address challenges in interpreting biomarker data between animal and human SCI studies.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search identified 125 relevant studies after excluding 4731 initial records.
  • An interdisciplinary expert panel reviewed the extracted data.
  • A modified e-Delphi process was used to iteratively develop consensus statements on 14 serum bone biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • The consensus process revealed challenges in interpreting data between animal and human SCI models, highlighting the need for methodological rigor.
  • Considerations such as diurnal variations and specific SCI model types (transection vs. clip) impact biomarker interpretation.
  • Limitations include defining 'adult' in rodent models and a lack of data on sex-related differences in biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Consensus statements offer guidance for reporting and interpreting bone biomarkers in SCI research.
  • Promoting standardized protocols and assay kits is recommended.
  • Emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches is crucial for advancing scientific discovery and knowledge translation in SCI.