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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Surgical Closure of Equine Abdomen, Prevention, and Management of Incisional Complications
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Urogenital surgery in foals.

A Saitua1, A Sanchez de Medina1,2, F Bulnes1

  • 1Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|June 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This review covers common urogenital surgical conditions in foals, such as uroperitoneum and patent urachus. It highlights surgical treatments, risks, and outcomes for neonatal equine patients.

Keywords:
bladderherniaomphalophlebitisumbilicalurachusureteruroperitoneum

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Area of Science:

  • Equine Veterinary Medicine
  • Neonatal Surgery
  • Urogenital Disorders

Background:

  • Urogenital disorders are prevalent in newborn foals, including uroperitoneum and patent urachus.
  • Surgical interventions for bladder issues typically involve laparotomy, with laparoscopy being less common.
  • Umbilical remnant surgeries address conditions like persistent urachus and omphalitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review prevalent urogenital disorders in neonatal foals.
  • To emphasize surgical treatment options, associated risks, and expected outcomes.
  • To underscore the complexity of neonatal urogenital conditions requiring meticulous diagnostics and treatment plans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on neonatal equine urogenital disorders and their surgical management.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches, including advanced imaging for rarer conditions.
  • Analysis of surgical techniques, from routine to complex procedures.

Main Results:

  • Common conditions like uroperitoneum and patent urachus require specific surgical approaches.
  • Rarer conditions necessitate advanced diagnostics and potentially minimally invasive techniques.
  • Post-operative complications include dehiscence, electrolyte imbalances, and sepsis.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal urogenital surgery demands expert knowledge and advanced surgical training.
  • Clinicians must be prepared for potential complications to ensure foal survival.
  • A meticulous approach to diagnosis and treatment is crucial for managing these complex cases.