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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

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Reversible Nano Crystalline-Phase Transformation in Si-Based Anode Enables Stable All-Solid-State Batteries.

Xuefeng Shen1, Yihe Wang1, Zirui Jiang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

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|June 30, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel silicon (Si) anode for solid-state batteries by adding phosphate (P) and zinc (Zn). This strategy enhances battery stability and lifespan, enabling over 3,000 cycles in NCM90 full cells.

Keywords:
Si anodeall-solid-state batterieslarge-scale manufacturingnanocrystal phase transformation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries with silicon (Si) anodes offer high safety and energy density.
  • Si anodes suffer from structural degradation and slow kinetics, leading to rapid capacity decay and limited battery life.
  • Developing stable and high-capacity Si anodes is crucial for advancing next-generation batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a stable and high-capacity silicon-based anode for all-solid-state batteries.
  • To mitigate structural degradation and improve reaction kinetics of Si anodes during battery cycling.
  • To enhance the overall performance and cycle life of solid-state batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of phosphate (P) and zinc (Zn) into a silicon (Si) matrix to create a novel anode material.
  • Electrochemical characterization of the P- and Zn-modified Si anode.
  • In situ phase transformation analysis during battery cycling.
  • Fabrication and testing of NCM90-based full cells utilizing the developed anode.

Main Results:

  • The P- and Zn-modified Si anode undergoes reversible nanocrystalline-phase transformations (Li15Si4, LiZn, Li3P) during cycling, effectively reducing expansion stress and maintaining structural integrity.
  • Zinc and phosphate addition lowers the Li-ion diffusion energy barrier and band gap of Si, enhancing ion and electron transport.
  • NCM90 full cells with the new anode achieved stable cycling for over 3,000 cycles at a 2C rate.

Conclusions:

  • The reversible nanocrystalline-phase transformation strategy effectively addresses the structural instability and kinetic limitations of Si anodes.
  • The alloy-based anode design significantly improves the cycle life and stability of sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries.
  • This approach provides a promising pathway for developing high-performance, long-lasting all-solid-state batteries.