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Profiling perceived intersectional discrimination in people experiencing homelessness in Spain: A cluster analysis
Silvia Torrego1, Sonia Panadero1, José Juan Vázquez2
1Department of Clinical Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid.
The American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
|June 30, 2025
Summary
People experiencing homelessness face discrimination based on intersecting vulnerabilities. Those with disabilities, substance abuse issues, and long-term homelessness reported the most discrimination, highlighting the need for targeted support.
Area of Science:
- Social Sciences
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Homelessness is a complex social issue with multifaceted vulnerabilities.
- Understanding the intersectionality of disadvantages is crucial for effective interventions.
- Previous research often overlooks the nuanced experiences of discrimination among diverse homeless populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze perceived discrimination among individuals experiencing homelessness using an intersectional framework.
- To identify distinct profiles of vulnerability and their association with discriminatory experiences.
- To inform targeted preventive and intervention strategies for this population.
Main Methods:
- Cluster analysis was employed to identify distinct profiles among 355 individuals experiencing homelessness in Madrid, Spain.
- Factors considered included origin, race/ethnicity, disability, substance abuse, and homelessness duration.
- A gender perspective was incorporated, with intentional overrepresentation of women in the sample.
Main Results:
- Three distinct profiles emerged, each with unique homelessness trajectories.
- The subgroup reporting the highest levels of discrimination comprised White, Spanish-born individuals with disabilities, substance abuse history, and long-term homelessness.
- Migrant/racialized individuals without complications and White/Spanish-born individuals with alcohol abuse history reported lower discrimination and shorter homelessness durations.
Conclusions:
- The intersection of vulnerabilities significantly shapes the discriminatory experiences of people homelessness.
- Specific subgroups face disproportionately higher discrimination, necessitating tailored support.
- Enhanced understanding of intersecting hardships can improve the efficacy of social support and public health initiatives.
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