A Conceptual Framework for a Successful Adoption of Digital Health Systems in Developing Countries

Area of Science:

• Health Informatics
• Global Health
• Health Systems Research

Background:

• Digital Health Systems (DHS) offer significant potential for improving healthcare in developing nations.
• Implementation is frequently impeded by challenges including political instability, cultural resistance, inadequate infrastructure, and workforce shortages.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a comprehensive framework for understanding and overcoming barriers to Digital Health Systems (DHS) implementation in developing countries.
• To identify critical success factors and interdependencies influencing DHS adoption and sustainability.

Main Methods:

• A mixed-methods approach was utilized, combining a systematic literature review with in-depth interviews (n=25) and surveys (n=350).
• The Network of Influence Framework (NIF) was developed and refined through this research process.

Main Results:

• The refined NIF highlights critical success factors such as mitigating brain drain, enhancing capacity building, promoting evidence-based practices, and preserving organizational memory.
• The framework underscores the intricate relationship between enablers and barriers, noting how systemic issues like infrastructure deficits and resistance to change impede leadership and regulatory efforts.

Conclusions:

• Successful DHS implementation in developing countries necessitates context-specific strategies that holistically address identified enablers and barriers.
• Further research is recommended to investigate the interdependencies among these factors, aiming to foster sustainable and inclusive healthcare delivery models.