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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Preclinical Model of Prenatal Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Exposure to Assess Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes
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Risks of Cannabinoid Exposure on Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

A Matthew Reck1,2, Taylor Reilly1, S Olivia Vanegas1,2

  • 1School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.

Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
|July 1, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prenatal cannabis exposure is linked to lower birth weight in both humans and rodents. While not consistently affecting gestational age or litter size, it may be associated with poorer infant health at delivery, necessitating further research.

Keywords:
birth outcomescannabisfetal developmentlow birth weightneural teratogenpregnancypreterm birthtetrahydrocannabinol

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Developmental Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cannabis product availability and consumer perception of safety are increasing.
  • Unlike alcohol and tobacco, the effects of cannabis use during pregnancy are not well-established.
  • Growing evidence suggests potential negative health impacts of cannabis exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review human and rodent literature on prenatal cannabis and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure effects on birth outcomes.
  • To identify patterns in research regarding fetal and infant health following maternal cannabis use.
  • To assess the association between in utero cannabis exposure and adverse birth outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL for human and rodent studies on prenatal cannabis/THC exposure and birth outcomes.
  • Analyzed 21 rodent and 36 human studies focusing on birth weight, gestational age, litter size, mortality, and infant health.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal cannabis exposure was significantly associated with lower birth weight in both species.
  • No significant association was found with gestational age in humans or rodents.
  • Human studies indicated a tendency for worse infant health at delivery following prenatal cannabis exposure, though results varied.

Conclusions:

  • In utero cannabis exposure may be linked to adverse birth outcomes, but findings are mixed and species-dependent.
  • Methodological variations and limited research contribute to inconsistencies.
  • Further research is crucial to understand the impact of increasing cannabis use on fetal and infant health.