Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

8.1K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
8.1K
Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

Sperm Structure and Semen Composition

5.2K
During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
5.2K
Sperm Transport01:15

Sperm Transport

1.4K
The journey of sperm from its origin to the point of ejaculation begins within the seminiferous tubules of the testis. Here, Sertoli cells produce fluid that propels non-motile sperm through a series of conduits, starting with the straight tubules leading to the rete testis. This interconnected network of tubules acts as the initial pathway for sperm, guiding them into the efferent ductules and then into the epididymis for maturation.
The maturation phase occurs in the epididymis, where sperm...
1.4K
Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

12.4K
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
12.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DNA methylation-mediated silencing of STAT5A drives breast cancer metastasis via dual regulation of EMT and immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Oncogene·2026
Same author

An Emerging Disease of Leaf Spot Caused by Paramyrothecium vignicola on Soybean in China.

The plant pathology journal·2026
Same author

Characterization of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> Species Complex Isolates Associated with Pea Fusarium Wilt in China.

Plant disease·2026
Same author

TLScope: a deep learning framework for quantifying tertiary lymphoid structures from H&E images reveals prognostic heterogeneity across breast cancer subtypes.

Breast cancer research : BCR·2026
Same author

A Novel Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Boar Sperm Head Detection in Microscopic Images: YOLO11_SRP.

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI·2026
Same author

Targeting the CMKLR1-Mediated Signaling Rebalances Immunometabolism State in Middle-Age Testicular Macrophages.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Male Infertility Research by Unraveling Sperm Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function
08:32

Author Spotlight: Advancing Male Infertility Research by Unraveling Sperm Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function

Published on: June 23, 2023

2.3K

Mitochonic acid 5 increases boar sperm quality by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction.

Ruyuan Wang1, Adedeji O Adetunji2, Lingjiang Min1

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|July 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitochonic acid 5 (MA-5) improves boar sperm quality and mitochondrial function up to 2 hours. Combining MA-5 with pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is crucial for maintaining high-quality sperm for up to 4 hours, aiding boar sperm preservation and artificial insemination.

Keywords:
boar spermmetabolismmitochondrialmitochonic acid 5quality

More Related Videos

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

2.2K
Evaluation of Intracellular Location of Reactive Oxygen Species in Solea Senegalensis Spermatozoa
10:24

Evaluation of Intracellular Location of Reactive Oxygen Species in Solea Senegalensis Spermatozoa

Published on: March 11, 2018

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Male Infertility Research by Unraveling Sperm Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function
08:32

Author Spotlight: Advancing Male Infertility Research by Unraveling Sperm Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function

Published on: June 23, 2023

2.3K
Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte
06:15

Use of Bisection to Reduce Mitochondrial DNA in the Bovine Oocyte

Published on: July 6, 2022

2.2K
Evaluation of Intracellular Location of Reactive Oxygen Species in Solea Senegalensis Spermatozoa
10:24

Evaluation of Intracellular Location of Reactive Oxygen Species in Solea Senegalensis Spermatozoa

Published on: March 11, 2018

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Mitochondrial Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction increases oxidative stress and depletes ATP.
  • Mitochonic acid 5 (MA-5) is known to improve mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production.
  • Optimizing boar sperm preservation is critical for artificial insemination (AI) success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of varying concentrations of MA-5 on boar sperm motility, morphology, and mitochondrial function.
  • To determine the optimal concentration and incubation time for MA-5 in boar sperm extenders.
  • To evaluate the combined effects of MA-5 and pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on long-term sperm preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Boar sperm was incubated with different concentrations of MA-5 (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM) in BTS extender.
  • Sperm motility, progressive motility, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity were assessed.
  • Mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP content, ROS levels, and gene/protein expression (MT-ND1, MT-ND6, TFAM) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • 1 nM MA-5 significantly enhanced sperm motility and progressive motility up to 2 hours.
  • MA-5 (1 nM) boosted mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content at 2 hours.
  • Combining MA-5 with 10 nM PQQ restored mitochondrial function after 4 hours of incubation, improving sperm quality.

Conclusions:

  • MA-5 (1 nM) effectively maintains boar sperm quality and mitochondrial metabolism for up to 2 hours at 37°C.
  • The combination of MA-5 and PQQ is essential for preserving high-quality boar sperm for up to 4 hours.
  • MA-5 and PQQ show potential for improving boar sperm preservation and AI practices by maintaining sperm quality and mitochondrial function.