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The Relation between Celiac Disease and Ovarian Reserve: A Case-Control Study
Niloufar Mahmoudi1, Sima Besharat1,2, Mehrangiz Pichak2
1Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Sayad Shirazi Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
International Journal of Fertility & Sterility
|July 1, 2025
Summary
Women with celiac disease (CD) show higher antral follicle count (AFC) and serum follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels compared to healthy individuals. This suggests a potential impact of CD on ovarian reserve indicators.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Endocrinology
- Gastroenterology
- Women's Health
Background:
- Celiac disease (CD) is a prevalent digestive disorder with potential extra-intestinal manifestations, including reproductive complications.
- Assessing ovarian reserve is crucial for understanding female fertility potential.
- The relationship between CD and ovarian reserve requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare ovarian reserve markers in women with CD versus age-matched healthy controls.
- To investigate the association between celiac disease and key indicators of ovarian reserve.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 27 women with CD and 27 healthy controls.
- Hormonal assays (FSH, LH, TSH, AMH, prolactin) and pelvic ultrasound (antral follicle count, ovarian volume) were performed during days 2-4 of the menstrual cycle.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in age or pregnancy outcomes between groups.
- Significant variations observed in body mass index and age of menarche.
- Women with CD exhibited significantly higher serum FSH levels and antral follicle count (AFC) in both ovaries compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Women diagnosed with celiac disease demonstrate significantly elevated antral follicle count (AFC) and serum FSH levels.
- These findings indicate a potential alteration in ovarian reserve parameters in women with CD.
