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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

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The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Practical Considerations and Implementation of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.

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Summary

Automated insulin delivery (AID) offers new diabetes management possibilities but faces challenges in cost, access, and user trust. Addressing these barriers and prioritizing patient experience is crucial for widespread adoption and equitable use of AID technology.

Keywords:
automated insulin deliverydiabetes educationdisparitieshuman machine interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases
  • Medical Technology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Automated insulin delivery (AID) systems represent significant technological advancements for diabetes management.
  • Current implementation faces challenges including cost, access, healthcare professional (HCP) endorsement, and user experience, leading to uneven adoption.
  • Addressing these barriers is essential for the broad and equitable implementation of AID technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the challenges and opportunities associated with the widespread implementation of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems.
  • To identify strategies for overcoming barriers to AID uptake and promoting its equitable use among people with diabetes (PWD).
  • To emphasize the importance of patient-centered approaches and healthcare system integration for successful AID deployment.

Main Methods:

  • The study synthesizes current knowledge on AID implementation, considering technological, clinical, and socioeconomic factors.
  • It analyzes disparities in AID uptake observed in clinical trials and routine care.
  • It proposes multi-level strategies for addressing barriers and facilitating broader adoption.

Main Results:

  • Uneven uptake of AID is influenced by factors beyond physiological and technological variations, including cost, access, and HCP experience.
  • Prioritizing the lived experience of PWD, managing expectations, and building trust are key for effective AID use.
  • Disparities in AID access and utilization persist, necessitating interventions targeting HCP biases, insurance policies, and healthcare system integration.

Conclusions:

  • Successful and equitable implementation of AID requires a holistic approach, addressing patient needs, HCP education, and systemic barriers.
  • Transforming clinical paradigms and fostering collaboration among all stakeholders (PWD, HCPs, researchers, policymakers, industry) is vital.
  • Continued focus on alleviating burden and promoting well-being for PWD using AID is paramount for its long-term success.