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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...

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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating Islet Abnormalities and Function with a Pseudoislet Protocol

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Artificial Pancreas: The First 20 Years

Francis J Doyle¹, Boris P Kovatchev²

¹School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology

|July 1, 2025

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

Keywords:

NIDDK NIH artificial pancreas diabetes

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