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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
Published on: June 11, 2012
Early Stages of Automated Insulin Delivery
Howard Zisser1, Roman Hovorka2, Ananda Basu3
1Independent Researcher, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Abstract:
The development of automated insulin delivery systems has seen tremendous improvements from individual components to interoperable system combinations of devices and new drugs besides insulin. The components have become progressively smaller, more accurate, and more user friendly. This article summarizes the history of the artificial pancreas from the earliest concepts to fully functional systems to research into further improvements in the future. The authors include many of the developers of this technology who received research support from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases at various stages to develop these systems.
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