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Laser frequency stabilization using embedded control for atom trapping systems.

Deepshikha Singh1, Hemant Yadav1, Kripali Jain1

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a low-cost microcontroller-based system for precise laser frequency stabilization, crucial for cold atom experiments. This digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller offers a robust alternative to expensive systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Experimental Physics
  • Instrumentation and Measurement

Background:

  • High-precision cold atom experiments require stable laser frequencies.
  • Traditional laser stabilization systems can be costly and complex, often relying on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
  • Microcontroller (MCU)-based solutions offer a potential for cost-effective and high-performance alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel laser frequency stabilization technique utilizing a digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller on a microcontroller (MCU).
  • To demonstrate the system's suitability for high-precision cold atom experiments.
  • To offer a low-cost, robust alternative to existing stabilization methods.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a digital PID control loop on an STM32 microcontroller.
  • Utilizing the dichroic atomic vapor laser locking technique for error signal extraction.
  • Characterization using long-term stability tests, overlapping Allan deviation, noise spectral density, and linewidth measurements.
  • Development of a 150 V high-voltage piezo driver for a 6 GHz mode-hop free tuning range.

Main Results:

  • Achieved laser linewidth of 93 ± 2 kHz measured via delayed self-heterodyne interferometry (DSHI).
  • Demonstrated comparable or superior performance to FPGA-based systems at a fraction of the cost.
  • Successfully applied the stabilized laser system for cooling and trapping approximately 1.5 × 10^6 cesium atoms.

Conclusions:

  • The MCU-based digital PID laser frequency stabilization system is a viable, cost-effective, and high-performance solution for demanding scientific applications.
  • The developed system, including the high-voltage piezo driver, enables precise control over laser frequency.
  • The successful application in cold atom experiments validates the system's stability and effectiveness.