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Related Concept Videos

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

277
Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
277
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
268
Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

324
The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

409
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Practical Considerations and Implementation of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.

Laurel H Messer1,2, Gregory P Forlenza1, Linda Gonder-Frederick3

  • 1Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.

Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics
|July 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) faces challenges in broad adoption. Prioritizing user experience and addressing disparities are key for successful implementation in diabetes care.

Keywords:
automated insulin deliverydiabetes educationdisparitieshuman–machine interaction

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Medical Technology
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems represent a significant advancement in diabetes management.
  • Current implementation faces challenges including technological variations, cost, access, and healthcare provider (HCP) expertise, leading to uneven adoption.
  • Disparities in AID uptake exist in both clinical trials and routine care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the implementation challenges and opportunities for Automated Insulin Delivery (AID) systems.
  • To identify strategies for broadening the uptake and improving the ease of use of AID technologies.
  • To emphasize the importance of the lived experience of people with diabetes (PWD) and holistic wellbeing.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a conceptual analysis and synthesis of current trends and challenges in AID implementation.
  • It draws upon existing literature and expert perspectives on technology adoption in chronic disease management.
  • The approach involves identifying key factors influencing AID uptake and proposing multi-level strategies for improvement.

Main Results:

  • Uneven uptake of AID is influenced by factors beyond technology, including cost, access, and HCP familiarity.
  • Prioritizing the lived experience of PWD and managing expectations are crucial for successful AID use.
  • Education and trust-building are essential for users to effectively utilize AID systems.

Conclusions:

  • Broad implementation of AID requires addressing disparities and integrating technology into healthcare systems.
  • Successful AID adoption necessitates collaboration among PWD, HCPs, researchers, policymakers, and industry.
  • Transforming clinical paradigms to align with the needs of all stakeholders is essential for the future of AID.