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Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis
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Aspergillosis: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, drug resistance, and emerging therapeutics

Amanpreet Singh1, Jeewanjot Singh2, Sandeep Kumar1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajit Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, 140111, Punjab, India.

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
|July 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Aspergillosis, a fungal infection from Aspergillus fumigatus, presents challenges due to resistance. This review details its epidemiology, diagnostics, and emerging treatments for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Aspergillosis is a significant opportunistic fungal infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus.
  • It manifests as allergic responses or invasive systemic infections, primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals.
  • Increasing antifungal resistance, particularly to azoles and echinocandins, poses a major clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of aspergillosis, covering epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and host immune response.
  • To analyze current and emerging antifungal treatments, including drug resistance mechanisms and combination therapies.
  • To discuss advancements in diagnostic methods and novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects of aspergillosis.
  • Analysis of antifungal mechanisms of action, resistance profiles, and drug interactions.
  • Evaluation of new diagnostic tools and therapeutic agents, including immunomodulatory and host-directed strategies.

Main Results:

  • Rising azole and echinocandin resistance is linked to agricultural/environmental exposure and multidrug-resistant strains.
  • Different antifungal classes (azoles, echinocandins, polyenes) have distinct mechanisms, limitations, and resistance profiles.
  • New diagnostic methods (PCR, biomarkers) and therapies (rezafungin, ibrexafungerp) show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive management requires integrated medical care, precise interventions, and improved diagnostics.
  • Emerging strategies like combination therapy, drug delivery systems, and host-directed approaches are crucial.
  • Addressing antifungal resistance and improving early detection are key to tackling aspergillosis globally.

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