Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

1.9K
Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
1.9K
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

6.6K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
6.6K
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

14.1K
The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
14.1K
Euchromatin01:01

Euchromatin

7.6K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
Euchromatin is the less dense region of the chromatin and stains lighter. Euchromatin contains histone H3 extensively...
7.6K
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

8.5K
The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
8.5K
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

14.6K
The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at...
14.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transcriptome profiling of bovine preantral follicles during early folliculogenesis.

Journal of animal science and biotechnology·2026
Same author

In vitro culture of cumulus-oocyte complexes from early antral follicles in prepubertal and adult ewes.

Reproduction & fertility·2025
Same author

Approaches to <i>in vitro</i> oocyte growth in domestic farm mammals: how and why?

Animal reproduction·2025
Same author

Advances in ovarian follicle culture systems: exploring the interplay between cells, matrix, and ovarian architecture.

Animal reproduction·2025
Same author

Metabolic and endocrinologic interplay in the peri-ovulatory follicle to support the cumulus-oocyte-complex towards full competence.

Animal reproduction·2025
Same author

Micro magnetic resonance spectroscopy for noninvasive metabolic screening of mammalian embryos and oocytes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development
10:30

Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development

Published on: June 12, 2018

8.0K

Reversible Histone Acetylation During Preimplantation Embryo Development in Mammals.

Giulia Musmeci1, Fernanda Fagali Franchi1, Francesca Mossa2

  • 1Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Lodi, LO, Italy.

Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation
|July 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Histone acetylation dynamics are crucial for early embryonic development, guiding gene expression changes from gametes to multicellular organisms. Environmental factors can alter these epigenetic marks, potentially impacting offspring health.

Keywords:
BlastocystEmbryo metabolismEpigeneticsFetal programming of adult diseaseHistone H3Histone H4OocyteZygote

More Related Videos

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP Protocol for Low-abundance Embryonic Samples
12:47

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP Protocol for Low-abundance Embryonic Samples

Published on: August 29, 2017

15.9K
Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
12:11

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes

Published on: May 11, 2017

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development
10:30

Zygotic Fluorescence Recovery After Photo-bleaching Analysis for Chromatin Looseness That Allows Full-term Development

Published on: June 12, 2018

8.0K
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP Protocol for Low-abundance Embryonic Samples
12:47

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ChIP Protocol for Low-abundance Embryonic Samples

Published on: August 29, 2017

15.9K
Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
12:11

Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes

Published on: May 11, 2017

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Histone acetylation is a key epigenetic modification regulating chromatin structure and gene expression.
  • Early embryogenesis requires the erasure and reprogramming of parental epigenetic information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze dynamic changes in histone acetylation during mammalian preimplantation development.
  • To identify critical windows of acetylation/deacetylation influencing key developmental events.

Main Methods:

  • Review and analysis of existing studies on histone acetylation patterns in preimplantation embryos across different mammalian species.

Main Results:

  • Identified critical acetylation/deacetylation windows linked to oocyte-to-zygote transition, embryonic genome activation, and cell lineage specification.
  • Histone acetylation plays a vital role in establishing pluripotency and multicellular organism development.

Conclusions:

  • Dynamic histone acetylation is essential for successful embryogenesis and the establishment of pluripotent cells.
  • The reversible nature of histone acetylation makes it susceptible to environmental influences, potentially leading to heritable epigenetic alterations.