Relationship between zygomatic process morphology and maxillary sinus pneumatization

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• Dental Anatomy
• Implant Dentistry

Background:

• The zygomatic process of the maxilla (ZPM) is crucial for implant dentistry and orthodontics.
• Understanding ZPM morphology and its relationship with maxillary sinus pneumatization is essential for predictable clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the relationship between ZPM morphology, identified on panoramic images, and the extent of sinus pneumatization, assessed via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Main Methods:

• Panoramic and CBCT images of 300 patients across three age groups were analyzed.
• ZPM morphology was classified as J-shaped or non-J-shaped.
• ZPM volume, maxillary sinus volume, and sinus pneumatization within the ZPM were measured and statistically analyzed.

Main Results:

• Most ZPMs were J-shaped (75%).
• J-shaped ZPMs exhibited significantly greater sinus volume, sinus pneumatization, and ZPM volume compared to non-J-shaped ZPMs (P < 0.05).
• Male participants had larger ZPM volumes than females, but sinus pneumatization and maxillary sinus volume did not significantly differ by age or gender.

Conclusions:

• Non-J-shaped ZPM morphology may be associated with reduced sinus pneumatization.
• Non-J-shaped ZPMs could potentially offer greater bone availability for dental implant placement and orthodontic procedures.