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Precise surface patches on active particles of arbitrary shape through microstenciling.

Kendra M Kreienbrink1, Zoe A Cruse2, Alisha Kumari3

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA.

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|July 2, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel microstenciling technique to fabricate precise active particles. This method enables the creation of complex micro-robots for applications in microrobotics and biomedicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Micro- and Nanotechnology
  • Physics

Background:

  • Active particles harness environmental energy for programmable motion and collective behaviors.
  • Particle shape and surface modifications advance applications in microrobotics and biomedicine.
  • Conventional fabrication methods limit the precise creation of arbitrary active particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a high-resolution microstenciling fabrication technique for arbitrary active particles.
  • To overcome limitations in creating active particles with precise shapes and surface compositions.

Main Methods:

  • Combines two-photon lithography with sacrificial stencil masking.
  • Enables deposition of arbitrary metallic patches onto particles of any shape.
  • Achieves a resolution limit as low as 0.2 micrometers.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated three types of active particles with nonconventional dynamics.
  • Created electrokinetic active spheres with tunable 3D motions.
  • Fabricated catalytic microdiscs exhibiting chiral axial spinning and steric magnetic particles forming self-limiting microrobots.

Conclusions:

  • The high-resolution microstenciling technique is a versatile strategy for fabricating well-defined active particles.
  • This method facilitates the creation of advanced active particles and microrobots.
  • Enables diverse practical applications in microrobotics, biomedicine, and beyond.