A economic optimal dispatch model for combined heat and power microgrids supporting china's carbon neutrality

Addressing energy abandonment and low utilization efficiency is crucial for sustainable renewable energy development, particularly as microgrid systems gain prominence in China's low-carbon transition. Existing combined heat and power microgrid system (CHPMS) scheduling models predominantly focus on operational costs while neglecting carbon trading dynamics and flexible load synergies, limiting their effectiveness under carbon neutrality goals. This study proposes a novel low-carbon economic dispatch model that uniquely integrates China's carbon trading mechanism with multi-form flexible loads (shiftable/transferable/cutable) in a unified optimization framework. Leveraging scenario-based optimization and Monte Carlo simulations, the model coordinates power-heat interactions while addressing renewable uncertainties. Case studies demonstrate an 84.7% carbon reduction (1.70→0.26 t) and 9.8% cost savings (¥4,039→¥3,632) versus conventional dispatch, with flexible loads enabling 19.4% peak shaving. These results validate that carbon trading-flexible load synergy fundamentally improves CHPMS sustainability, achieving superior economic-environmental balance compared to isolated optimization approaches. This paper provides critical insights for policymakers and microgrid operators to accelerate China's energy transition through collaborative carbon-market-responsive dispatching strategies.