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Updated: Sep 17, 2025
An Easy and Flexible Inoculation Method for Accurately Assessing Powdery Mildew-Infection Phenotypes of Arabidopsis and Other Plants
Published on: March 9, 2021
Genotype by environment interaction analysis for resistance against powdery mildew and yellow rust in some promising
Amritpal Mehta1, Daisy Basandrai2,3, Harneet Kaur1
1Department of Plant Pathology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, 176062, India.
Background:
Powdery mildew (PM), caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, and yellow rust (YR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, constitute significant threats to wheat production, resulting in both qualitative and quantitative losses. Although fungicides can effectively manage these diseases, their application introduces environmental and health risks and foster the development of pathogen resistance. The development and implementation of wheat genotypes that exhibit resistance to PM and YR present a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible alternative to chemical treatments.
Results:
In the present study, influence of environmental factors and genotype by-environment interaction (GEI) was evaluated on 142 wheat genotypes for PM and YR across four and three geographically diverse hotspot locations, respectively. The AMMI analysis of variance revealed that GEI and genotype (G) accounted for most of the variation observed for PM and YR. Twenty genotypes were moderately resistant to PM at seedling stage. Notably, ten genotypes demonstrated high resistance to PM, while 37 were identified as resistant to YR. Furthermore, 30 genotypes exhibited slow mildewing resistance to PM at the adult plant stage. The combined analysis utilizing AMMI and GGE biplots indicated that the genotypes Pollmer/CTY88.547, Syros, and Talent (Pm5 + ?) portrayed the highest level of combined resistance to both PM and YR across the evaluated locations. Additionally, the environments Kukumseri 2016 (E2 and En1) were the most effective for testing and selecting superior wheat genotypes for resistance to PM and YR, respectively.
Conclusion:
Integrating the strength of AMMI and GGE approaches enhances the accuracy of wheat genotype selection in multi- environment trials. Methods used showed strong agreement in identifying wheat genotypes resistant to PM and YR when facing diverse environmental factors.
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