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Efficient and wavelength-tunable second-harmonic generation toward the green gap.

Zhiquan Yuan1, Jinhao Ge1, Peng Liu1

  • 1T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.

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Researchers developed a tunable green laser using silicon nitride microresonators. This technology efficiently generates green light via second-harmonic generation (SHG), addressing the "green gap" in laser applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Semiconductor Physics

Background:

  • Compact and efficient visible laser sources are essential for numerous applications.
  • Traditional semiconductor lasers struggle to produce high-brightness green light, creating a
  • wavelength gap
  • in coverage.
  • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a viable method for efficient visible light generation from near-infrared sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate efficient and tunable second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the green spectrum.
  • To utilize a high-Q silicon nitride (Si3N4) microresonator for on-chip light generation.
  • To explore reconfigurable grating properties for wavelength tuning.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a high-Q silicon nitride (Si3N4) microresonator.
  • Implementation of second-harmonic generation (SHG) for green light production.
  • Induction of a space-charge grating via the photogalvanic effect for tuning.

Main Results:

  • Generation of on-chip green power up to 5.3 milliwatts.
  • Achieved a conversion efficiency of 141% per watt (7.9% absolute).
  • Demonstrated flexible wavelength tuning over 2.6 terahertz using reconfigurable gratings.

Conclusions:

  • Silicon nitride (Si3N4) microresonators are a promising platform for on-chip, tunable green light sources.
  • The photogalvanic effect enables dynamic control over grating properties for wavelength tunability.
  • This work addresses the "green gap" challenge in visible laser technology.