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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

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Cellular Iron Homeostasis.

Caroline C Philpott1, Esther G Meyron-Holtz2

  • 1Genetics and Metabolism Section, Liver Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. carolinep@intra.niddk.nih.gov.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells meticulously manage iron, an essential yet toxic nutrient, to maintain homeostasis. Specialized cells in mammals exhibit unique iron handling for functions like absorption, hemoglobin synthesis, and recycling.

Keywords:
Cellular iron traffickingFerritinHemeIron regulatory proteinsIron-sulfur clusters

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Iron is vital for eukaryotic cells but toxic in excess.
  • Cellular systems tightly regulate iron uptake, utilization, storage, and export.
  • Maintaining iron homeostasis is crucial for cellular function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe fundamental cellular systems for iron homeostasis.
  • To explain how specialized mammalian cells manage iron for specific functions.
  • To discuss alterations in cellular iron balance for specialized roles.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cellular iron metabolism.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms for iron uptake and efflux.
  • Examination of specialized iron handling in mammalian tissues.

Main Results:

  • Cells possess sophisticated mechanisms to balance iron levels.
  • Mammalian tissues display cell-specific iron management strategies.
  • Specialized functions like erythropoiesis and iron absorption involve distinct iron regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular iron homeostasis is a dynamic and complex process.
  • Tissue-specific adaptations in iron metabolism support specialized physiological roles.
  • Understanding these systems is key to addressing iron-related disorders.