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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Using AI to Translate and Simplify Spanish Orthopedic Medical Text: Instrument Validation Study.

Saman Andalib¹, Aidin Spina¹, Bryce Picton¹

¹UCI School of Medicine, University of California, 1001 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92617, United States, 1 (949) 824-6119.

|July 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Large language models (LLMs) show promise for translating and simplifying orthopedic patient education materials for Spanish speakers. A dual approach using Google Translate for accuracy and GPT-4 for simplification can enhance accessibility.

Keywords:

GPT-4 Google Translate LLM bilingual evaluation understudy large language models patient education translation

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic Surgery
Medical Translation
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Language barriers in US healthcare disproportionately affect Spanish-speaking patients, impacting comprehension and engagement with orthopedic resources.
Existing studies on large language models (LLMs) for medical translation lack robust evaluation of AI-driven simplification for Spanish orthopedic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the translation quality of LLMs for orthopedic patient education materials (PEMs) into Spanish using the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) method.
To investigate the effectiveness of AI in simplifying Spanish-translated PEMs for improved readability.

Main Methods:

Translated 78 orthopedic PEMs from English to Spanish using GPT-4 and Google Translate.
Evaluated translation accuracy via BLEU scores against human translations.
Assessed text simplification using readability and feature analyses, and statistical tests (Friedman, Dunn).

Main Results:

Google Translate demonstrated higher translation accuracy than GPT-4 based on BLEU scores.
AI-simplified PEMs showed significantly improved readability (P<.001) but did not reach target simplification grade levels.
GPT-4 effectively reduced the complexity of Spanish medical text (P<.001), with syllable count impacting translation quality.

Conclusions:

LLMs, particularly GPT-4, offer utility in translating and simplifying medical texts for Spanish speakers.
A combined strategy using Google Translate for translation and GPT-4 for simplification is recommended to enhance medical information accessibility in orthopedic surgery.