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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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MARBP-lncRNA Complexes Alter Gene Function Through Modulation of Epigenetic Landscape.

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Summary

This review details the crosstalk between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and matrix-associated region binding proteins (MARBPs). Dysregulation of this interaction impacts gene expression and human diseases, suggesting therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
LncRNAMARBPschromatin remodellinggene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic chromatin is organized into functional domains by protein-DNA complexes.
  • Scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) anchor DNA elements to the nuclear matrix.
  • Matrix-associated region binding proteins (MARBPs) interact with S/MARs to regulate gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elaborate on the regulatory crosstalk between lncRNAs and MARBPs.
  • To discuss the implications of this crosstalk in human diseases.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting this interaction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lncRNA-MARBP interactions.
  • Analysis of epigenetic modifications mediated by MARBPs.
  • Examination of disease mechanisms linked to MARBP and lncRNA dysregulation.

Main Results:

  • MARBPs modulate the local epigenetic landscape via posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of DNA and histones.
  • Crosstalk between lncRNAs and MARBPs governs epigenetic changes.
  • Dysregulation of MARBPs or lncRNAs can alter gene expression, contributing to disease.

Conclusions:

  • The lncRNA-MARBP regulatory network is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis.
  • Aberrant lncRNA-MARBP interactions are implicated in various human diseases.
  • Targeting the lncRNA-MARBP axis offers promising therapeutic avenues.