Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 17, 2025
07:42
Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
Published on: April 26, 2012
18.3K
["Chemobrain": Neurocognitive dysfunction associated with chemotherapy]
Tamas Szekeres1, Magdolna Dank1, Gyongyver Szentmartoni1
1Semmelweis Egyetem, Belgyógyászati és Onkológiai Klinika, Onkológiai Profil, Budapest.
Summary
Chemotherapy can improve cancer survival but may cause cognitive decline, known as
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Chemotherapy offers improved survival for cancer patients.
- Long-term toxicities, including cognitive decline, are associated with chemotherapy.
- Chemotherapy-associated cognitive dysfunction ('chemobrain') is underdiagnosed despite its impact on quality of life.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of chemotherapy-associated neurocognitive impairment.
- To discuss clinical presentation and differential diagnosis.
- To review screening and treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Non-systematic (narrative) summary study.
- Literature review of clinical picture, diagnosis, screening, and treatment.
- Identification of methodological issues for future research.
Main Results:
- Chemotherapy-associated cognitive dysfunction is a significant concern.
- Underdiagnosis is prevalent, impacting patient quality of life.
- Effective management strategies are crucial.
Conclusions:
- Recognizing and managing chemotherapy-associated neurocognitive impairment is vital.
- Further empirical studies are needed to address methodological challenges.
- Addressing cognitive dysfunction can improve cancer patient outcomes.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists
265
Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy. SP binds and activates...
265
01:29Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists
456
Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
456
01:27Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
329
5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
329
01:21Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids
371
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
371
01:19Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer
66
Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
66
02:49Cancer Therapies
8.0K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
8.0K