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Protein Networks

Protein Networks

An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...

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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Published on: February 7, 2021

Genetically Encoded Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Injectable Biomaterials for Controlled Therapeutic Protein

Murial L Ross¹, Shivani P Kottantharayil¹, Tina K Nguyen^2,3

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

|July 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces novel recombinant protein-based interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) for injectable therapeutics. These advanced biomaterials offer controlled release and tunable properties for improved drug delivery, overcoming limitations of current methods.

Keywords:

biomaterials coiled-coils drug delivery injectable recombinant proteins

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Published on: October 26, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Protein Engineering
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Intravenous delivery of recombinant protein therapeutics faces challenges like off-target effects and short circulation times.
Existing injectable biomaterial depots struggle to control drug release, network mechanics, and functionalization simultaneously.
There is a need for advanced biomaterials to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop the first recombinant protein-based interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) for injectable therapeutic deposition.
To create a biomaterial system that allows simultaneous control over drug release, network mechanics, and functionalization.
To demonstrate the potential of these IPNs for next-generation biotherapeutic delivery.

Main Methods:

Constructed self-sorting telechelic biopolymer networks using intrinsically disordered XTEN protein midblocks and orthogonal self-assembling coil domains.
Utilized genetically encoded click-like SpyLigation/SnoopLigation chemistries for independent tethering of proteins-of-interest.
Investigated shear-thinning, self-healing responsiveness, and tunable viscoelasticity of the developed IPN biomaterials.

Main Results:

Developed injectable IPN biomaterials exhibiting rapid shear-thinning and self-healing properties with tunable viscoelasticity.
Successfully demonstrated controlled release of fluorescent proteins and growth factors (rhIGF-1, rhEGF) from the IPN.
Confirmed that released proteins retained high bioactivity after network dissolution, indicating successful therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

Recombinant protein-based IPNs represent a significant advancement in injectable biomaterial depot technology.
These novel materials offer precise control over drug release kinetics and material properties for targeted therapies.
The developed IPN system holds promise for enhancing the efficacy and safety of protein-based therapeutics.