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Strain and Elastic Modulus

Strain and Elastic Modulus

The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...

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Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...

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Updated: Sep 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Microfluidic Channel-Based Soft Electrodes and Their Application in Capacitive Pressure Sensing

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Stretchable Encapsulation for Implantable Strain Sensors.

Xinghao Huang¹, Liheng Yang², Riley Jacobsen¹

¹Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|July 4, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a novel wrinkled parylene encapsulation for implantable strain sensors, significantly improving stretchability and stability in physiological environments for better organ monitoring.

Keywords:

bladder volume monitoring encapsulation implantable devices microwrinkles strain sensors stretchable electronics

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Sensor Technology

Background:

Implantable strain sensors monitor organ function but face challenges with stretchability, biocompatibility, and stability in physiological fluids.
High water permeability of common stretchable materials degrades sensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a highly stretchable, biocompatible, and stable encapsulation for implantable capacitive strain sensors.
To enhance the performance and longevity of organ-monitoring sensors.

Main Methods:

Conformal parylene deposition followed by mechanical buckling and thermal annealing to create microscale wrinkles.
Utilizing wrinkled parylene to enhance stretchability and barrier properties.
Testing sensor stability and performance on phantoms and ex vivo organs.

Main Results:

Achieved over 60% mechanical stretchability and excellent barrier properties (0.07 g mm/m² /day WVTR) with wrinkled parylene encapsulation.
Enhanced gauge factor for capacitive strain sensing by over two times.
Demonstrated long-term stability and successful real-time organ deformation sensing on bladder models.

Conclusions:

The wrinkled parylene encapsulation offers a superior combination of stretchability, barrier function, and biocompatibility for implantable sensors.
This method significantly improves capacitive strain sensor performance and durability.
The versatile encapsulation technique holds promise for various implantable devices for continuous organ monitoring and targeted therapies.