Histopathological variations of Sclerosing Polycystic Adenoma: A systematic review

In this systematic review, we evaluated the histopathological variations of sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA). Databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, OVID (MEDLINE), and grey literature sources were searched comprehensively. A total of 137 cases of SPA were identified across 66 selected articles. SPA predominantly affects the parotid glands of adults, with a mean age of 45.1 years, and has a slight female predominance. Clinically, SPA presents as a firm, painless mass with a prolonged evolution period. Histologically, SPA lesions were well demarcated, featuring ductal and acinar hyperplasia, cyst formation, and dense stromal fibrosis. Variability in epithelial cell morphology, stromal characteristics, and the presence of intraductal proliferation were notable findings. This review underscores the necessity of understanding the histopathological spectrum of SPA to enhance diagnostic precision and patient management. Despite its benign nature, SPA's complex histopathology necessitates extensive differential diagnosis, emphasizing the importance of a systematic approach in histopathological evaluation.