Plant- and microalgae-made fish vaccines.

Area of Science:

• Aquaculture
• Biotechnology
• Immunology

Background:

• Fish aquaculture faces significant disease challenges impacting sustainable food production.
• The development of effective and affordable aquatic vaccines is crucial for the industry.
• Plants and microalgae are established platforms for vaccine production and oral delivery in other sectors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the use of plants and microalgae as platforms for producing fish vaccines.
• To outline strategies and tools for efficient vaccine production using these systems.
• To discuss challenges and future prospects for industrial adoption of plant- and microalgae-based fish vaccines.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on plant- and microalgae-based vaccine technologies for aquaculture.
• Analysis of workflows, engineering tools, and fish immunology principles relevant to vaccine development.
• Examination of existing plant- and microalgae-made vaccines for fish.

Main Results:

• Plant and microalgae systems show promise for developing cost-effective oral vaccines for fish.
• Specific examples of plant- and microalgae-derived vaccines for aquaculture have demonstrated efficacy.
• Key obstacles to industrial adoption have been identified, with proposed solutions.

Conclusions:

• Plants and microalgae represent viable and sustainable platforms for fish vaccine production.
• Further research and strategic development are needed to overcome current limitations.
• Successful industrial adoption could significantly enhance disease management in global aquaculture.