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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human factors engineering

Background:

  • Dual-task (DT) performance is influenced by task control modes: environment-driven and self-generated.
  • Understanding how these control modes affect cognitive and motor interference is crucial for designing effective cognitive assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differential effects of environment-driven versus self-generated cognitive tasks on cognitive and motor interference.
  • To compare these effects across different age groups (older vs. younger adults).

Main Methods:

  • An exploratory study involving 17 older adults (OLD) and 15 younger adults (YOUNG).
  • Participants completed single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) tests involving motor, environment-driven cognitive, and self-generated cognitive tasks.
  • Cognitive and motor dual-task effects (DTE) were calculated to quantify interference.

Main Results:

  • The self-generated dual-task effect (DTE) was significantly greater in the motor task compared to cognitive tasks, especially in the older adult group.
  • No significant difference was observed for the environment-driven DTE between motor and cognitive tasks.
  • In motor tasks, self-generated tasks induced more interference than environment-driven tasks across all participants, a pattern not observed in cognitive tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Self-generated cognitive tasks impose greater interference on motor performance than environment-driven tasks, particularly for older adults.
  • These findings suggest that task control mode is a critical factor in dual-task interference and has implications for designing interference-efficient tests.
  • The study validates previous findings on gait tasks and extends them to complex motor tasks, informing future research in cognitive and motor control.