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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Substance Use and Problem Gambling Interventions for People With Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review.

Amalia Udeanu1, Gloria Garcia-Fernandez1, Andrea Krotter1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR
|July 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interventions for substance use and problem gambling in people with intellectual disability (ID) are under-researched. Limited evidence suggests mindfulness and CBT may help reduce tobacco and alcohol use.

Keywords:
addictiongamblingintellectual developmental disorderinterventionsubstance usesystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Intellectual disability studies
  • Public health interventions

Background:

  • Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) exhibit heightened vulnerability to addictive behaviors.
  • Research on effective interventions for substance use and problem gambling in this population is limited.
  • This systematic review addresses the existing intervention research gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize existing interventions for substance use and problem gambling among individuals with intellectual disability (ID).
  • To assess the quality and findings of current research in this under-researched area.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines across Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL.
  • Inclusion of studies focused on substance use or gambling interventions tailored for people with ID.
  • Data synthesis and methodological quality assessment by two independent reviewers.

Main Results:

  • Sixteen studies were included, predominantly focusing on mild ID in adult males, with tobacco, polydrug use, alcohol, and gambling as primary concerns.
  • Mindfulness-based therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with motivational interviewing showed promise for reducing tobacco and alcohol use.
  • Psychoeducation integrated with behavioral techniques enhanced awareness and knowledge, contributing to reduced substance use.

Conclusions:

  • The evidence base for interventions targeting substance use and gambling in individuals with ID is currently limited.
  • While single-case designs offered insights, insufficient data precluded a meta-analysis.
  • More rigorous research is essential to develop and refine effective intervention strategies for this population.