MicroRNAs: From Bench to Bedside Applications as Breast Cancer Therapeutics

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) or small noncoding RNA molecules, 18-22 nucleotides long, are evolutionarily conserved and may have an impact on the behavior and progression of tumors. Cancer initiation, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis are all related to the specific deregulation of miRNAs. It also affects the genes involved in metabolism, apoptosis, cellular differentiation, and proliferation. Understanding the functional roles of miRNAs could shed light on the intricate molecular mechanism that underlie cancer growth. The purpose of this review is to investigate the presence of tumor-suppressive, oncogenic, and metastatic miRNAs in cancer cells, specifically breast cancer (BC) and how these miRNAs affect the development of BC and its subtypes. In addition, the miRNA-based therapeutic strategies and utilization of different delivery system to enhance the efficacy has also been covered. Based on our article, miRNAs appear to be cutting-edge prognostic, therapeutic, and diagnostic tools for the treatment of BC. However, several barriers, such as, delivery systems, side effects, demographic variabilities, and lengthy clinical studies needs to be optimized before these miRNAs could be routinely used in clinical settings.