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GCSA-ResNet: a deep neural network architecture for Malware detection.

Yukang Fan1, Kun Zhang2, Bing Zheng3

  • 1School of Information Science and Technology, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China.

Scientific Reports
|July 6, 2025
PubMed
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This study introduces GCSA-ResNet, a deep learning model for enhanced malware detection. It improves accuracy and reduces false positives by analyzing visualized malware images more effectively.

Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Computer Vision

Background:

  • Traditional malware detection methods struggle with increasing malware complexity and volume.
  • Deep learning offers potential but faces challenges in feature extraction and classification accuracy.
  • Existing attention mechanisms have limitations in capturing both local and global features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel deep learning model, GCSA-ResNet, for significantly improving malware detection performance.
  • To introduce the Global Channel-Spatial Attention (GCSA) module for enhanced feature extraction from visualized malware.
  • To address limitations in feature degradation and cross-family misclassification in current methods.

Main Methods:

  • Developed GCSA-ResNet by integrating the Global Channel-Spatial Attention (GCSA) module with the ResNet-50 architecture.
Keywords:
Attention mechanismDeep learningFeature fusionMalware detectionMalware visualization

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  • The GCSA module collaboratively uses channel attention, channel shuffling, and spatial attention to capture texture and dependency features.
  • Employed a 7x7 convolutional kernel in spatial attention for modeling long-range spatial correlations.
  • Main Results:

    • GCSA-ResNet achieved over 98.50% accuracy on Malimg and Microsoft BIG 2015 datasets.
    • Demonstrated a performance improvement of more than 0.5% compared to baseline models.
    • Reduced false positive rates by 40-50% while maintaining stable precision, recall, and F1-scores.

    Conclusions:

    • GCSA-ResNet effectively enhances malware detection by leveraging advanced attention mechanisms.
    • The model overcomes limitations of existing methods in feature degradation and cross-family misclassification.
    • The proposed approach offers a robust solution for identifying complex and evolving malware threats.