Recent progress in multifunctional theranostic hydrogels: the cornerstone of next-generation wound care technologies

Theranostic hydrogels represent a groundbreaking approach by integrating therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities within a single platform, enabling real-time monitoring of wounds and precise treatment applications. These advanced materials are engineered to maintain a moist, antimicrobial environment while promoting tissue regeneration through enhanced conductivity and bioactivity. Theranostic hydrogels, which incorporate electro-responsive and stimuli-sensitive polymers, enable the continuous monitoring of important biomarkers like pH and glucose levels, ensuring accurate, timely therapeutic interventions. Bioelectronic components, including flexible biosensors, wearable electronic patches, and implantable microdevices, significantly enhance the functionality of wound care technology. Recent advancements in materials science have further improved the adaptability of these hydrogels, allowing for the integration of nanomaterials to accelerate healing and optimize therapeutic outcomes. Additionally, these hydrogels can be combined with cutting-edge technologies such as 3D bioprinting and artificial intelligence, paving the way for personalized wound care solutions tailored to individual patient needs. This review highlights recent progress in theranostic hydrogels and their transformative potential in managing complex wounds. By integrating both diagnostics and therapeutic capabilities into a multifunctional platform, theranostic hydrogels represent a promising frontier for next-generation wound care technologies.