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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

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Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
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Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

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Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80%...
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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
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Relationship of femoral neck areal bone mineral density to volumetric bone mineral density, bone size, and femoral strength in men and women.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2011
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Determinants of forearm strength in postmenopausal women.

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Trabecular bone deficits among Vietnamese immigrants.

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Assessing forearm fracture risk in postmenopausal women.

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Estrogen action on bone marrow osteoclast lineage cells of postmenopausal women in vivo.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
08:56

Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis

Published on: February 10, 2015

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Bone loss and reduced osteoblast function in primary biliary cirrhosis.

S F Hodgson, E R Dickson, H W Wahner

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |December 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Primary biliary cirrhosis is linked to reduced bone mineral density in premenopausal women. This bone loss stems from decreased osteoblast function, not increased bone resorption, suggesting cholestasis impacts bone formation.

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    Determining Bile Duct Density in the Mouse Liver
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    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Endocrinology
    • Bone Metabolism

    Background:

    • Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterized by chronic cholestasis.
    • The relationship between PBC and bone loss is not well understood, particularly in premenopausal women.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics of bone loss in premenopausal women with PBC.
    • To determine the mechanisms underlying bone loss in this patient group.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessed bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine and radial sites in 15 premenopausal women with PBC.
    • Measured urinary hydroxyproline excretion and serum bone Gla-protein (osteocalcin) levels.
    • Performed bone histomorphometry on biopsies from 13 patients.

    Main Results:

    • Reduced BMD was observed at the lumbar spine, but not at radial sites.
    • No correlation was found between bone loss and PBC duration or severity.
    • Serum osteocalcin was significantly decreased, indicating reduced bone turnover.
    • Bone histomorphometry revealed no osteomalacia but a reduced bone formation rate due to impaired osteoblast function.

    Conclusions:

    • Premenopausal women with PBC experience significant trabecular bone loss.
    • This bone loss is primarily due to reduced osteoblast function and impaired bone formation, potentially caused by cholestasis-related toxic substances.
    • Bone resorption markers were not elevated, differentiating this bone loss from other metabolic bone diseases.