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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Occlusion of the Great and Small Saphenous Vein Using Copolymeric Glue Based on N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate and Methacryloxy Sulfolane
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Sensitization Patterns to Cyanoacrylate-Based Surgical Glues.

Lucrezia Bianchetti1, Anna Walker1, Ophelie Marchal1

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Contact Dermatitis
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ethyl cyanoacrylate is a useful screening tool for allergic contact dermatitis from surgical glues. Further testing may be needed if initial results are negative, as cross-reactions with other acrylates can occur.

Keywords:
2‐octyl cyanoacrylate (CAS 6701‐17‐3)allergic contact dermatitiscase seriescross‐reactionsethyl cyanoacrylate (CAS 6701‐17‐3)n‐butyl cyanoacrylate (CAS 6606‐65‐1)patch testingsurgical glues

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Wound Healing

Background:

  • Surgical glues offer benefits like reduced scarring and faster wound closure.
  • Cyanoacrylate monomers in surgical glues can cause allergic contact dermatitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate sensitization patterns to cyanoacrylate surgical glues.
  • Assess the utility of ethyl cyanoacrylate testing.
  • Investigate cross-reactions between cyanoacrylates and (meth)acrylates.

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing of 16 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) to surgical adhesives.
  • Testing included European Standard and Acrylate series (ethyl cyanoacrylate).
  • 15 patients were tested with the specific surgical glues used.

Main Results:

  • 94% of patients showed positive reactions to surgical glues.
  • 81% reacted positively to ethyl cyanoacrylate.
  • Eight patients had exclusive ethyl cyanoacrylate sensitization; five reacted to other (meth)acrylates.

Conclusions:

  • Ethyl cyanoacrylate serves as a screening agent for surgical glue allergy.
  • Negative ethyl cyanoacrylate tests warrant further investigation with modified patch testing.
  • Cross-reactions and co-sensitization with (meth)acrylates are possible.