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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Association Between Atrial Fibrillation and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Acute Lower Limb Arterial Ischemia: A

Xi Zhao1,2, Yang Jin3, Fei Shao1,2

  • 1School of Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China.

Journal of Investigative Surgery : the Official Journal of the Academy of Surgical Research
|July 7, 2025
PubMed

Insights

This study found atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to reduced atherosclerosis risk in acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI) patients. Further research is needed to confirm this unexpected finding and explore its mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • The relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and atherosclerosis is not well understood.
  • Atherosclerosis is a key factor in acute lower limb ischemia (ALLI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between AF and atherosclerosis risk in patients diagnosed with ALLI.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study of 175 ALLI patients who underwent CT angiography (CTA).
  • Data collected included demographics, risk factors, ischemic locations, and CTA findings.
  • Statistical analyses explored the association between AF and atherosclerosis.
  • Rutherford and TASC II classifications were used to assess disease severity.

Main Results:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) was identified in 26.3% of ALLI patients.
  • Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant negative correlation between AF and both aorto-iliac and femoral-popliteal atherosclerosis.
  • Patients with AF showed a decreased prevalence of atherosclerosis in these arterial segments.

Conclusions:

  • This study suggests an inverse relationship between AF and atherosclerosis in ALLI patients.
  • The findings challenge current understanding and necessitate further investigation.
  • Prospective studies are required to validate these results and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Abstract

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationatherosclerosisendothelial functionlimb ischemiaperipheral arterial disease

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