Biogas as a sustainable fuel for internal combustion engines: Production, purification, and performance assessment

This study underscores the urgency of reducing dependence on fossil fuels and transitioning toward cleaner, sustainable energy alternatives. It emphasizes biogas as a viable and eco-friendly substitute for conventional fuels, assessing its potential for application in internal combustion engines (ICEs). The investigation covers the key attributes of biogas, including its production methods, chemical makeup, purification requirements, and the necessary engine adaptations to enable its efficient use in ICEs. The research further analyzes the performance and emission characteristics of biogas-fueled engines by synthesizing findings from recent studies and exploring the role of fuel additives in optimizing efficiency. Special attention is given to integrating biogas into emerging engine technologies and identifying knowledge gaps related to its processing and combustion. Challenges such as fuel quality, infrastructure limitations, and operational efficiency are critically examined, along with potential strategies to address them. Overall, the study presents biogas as a promising candidate for sustainable energy transition, capable of lowering greenhouse gas emissions and contributing to global environmental and energy objectives. It highlights the need for continued innovation, supportive policy frameworks, and dedicated research to realize the full potential of biogas in modern energy systems.Implications: The study underscores biogas as a sustainable and eco-friendly fuel option that can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. By addressing the challenges of purification, storage, and engine optimization, this research contributes to improving the feasibility and efficiency of biogas-powered ICEs. The findings advocate for policy frameworks and technological innovations to support large-scale biogas adoption, fostering a cleaner and more resilient energy future.