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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

665
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
517

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Establishment of a Co-culture System of Patient-Derived Colorectal Tumor Organoids and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)
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Gut microbiome and tumor immunotherapy.

Mohini Vig1, Shweta Dubey1

  • 1Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiome influences cancer treatments, including immunotherapy. This review explores how gut bacteria impact responses to FDA-approved immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cell therapy.

Keywords:
Adoptive T cell (ACT) therapyCAR-T cellImmune checkpoint inhibitorsImmune systemImmune-related adverse events (irAE)ImmunotherapyMicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Innovative molecular techniques reveal strong links between the gut microbiome and cancer.
  • Microbiome and its metabolites significantly affect chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy outcomes.
  • Cancer immunotherapy advancements offer new treatment avenues, but challenges remain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on microbiota's impact on FDA-approved cancer immunotherapies.
  • To summarize the influence of gut microbiota on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and CAR-T cell therapy.
  • To address challenges and limitations in gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of evidence linking microbiota composition to treatment response.
  • Examination of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immunotherapies.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbiota composition can significantly impact patient response to cancer immunotherapies.
  • Specific microbial species and metabolites are associated with varying treatment efficacy.
  • Evidence supports the role of the gut microbiome in modulating responses to ICIs and CAR-T cell therapy.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome is a critical factor in cancer immunotherapy effectiveness.
  • Understanding microbiome-cancer interactions is key to optimizing immunotherapy.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and fully leverage the microbiome in cancer treatment.