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Reproductive Transitions and Sperm Utilisation in a Facultatively Parthenogenetic Stick Insect.

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Facultative parthenogenesis allows female stick insects to quickly switch from asexual to sexual reproduction without changing egg types. These insects can also rapidly use sperm from new mates, suggesting even paternity distribution.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Facultative parthenogenesis allows females to reproduce asexually or sexually.
  • The transition from asexual to sexual reproduction and sperm utilization in these species are poorly understood.
  • Understanding these processes is crucial for evolutionary and reproductive biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how facultatively parthenogenetic stick insects switch reproductive modes.
  • To examine sperm precedence and utilization patterns in females mating with multiple males.
  • To determine if switching reproductive modes requires changes in egg production.

Main Methods:

  • Manipulating reproductive modes in *Megacrania batesii* stick insects.
  • Analyzing offspring sex ratio, fertilization rates, and paternity.
  • Collecting eggs over successive periods after male introduction or substitution.

Main Results:

  • Females quickly transitioned from parthenogenetic to fertilized egg production.
  • Reproductive performance was similar between switched and non-switched groups.
  • Sperm from successive males showed near-equal fertilization rates, indicating sperm mixing.

Conclusions:

  • *M. batesii* females can rapidly switch reproductive modes without altering egg types.
  • These insects efficiently utilize sperm from new mates, suggesting even paternity distribution.
  • Female population of origin influences fertilization rates and offspring sex ratio.