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Mycobacteria isolated from exotic animals.

C O Thoen, W D Richards, J L Jarnagin

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |May 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Mycobacterial isolations in captive elephants in the United States.

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2002

    Mycobacteria infections are common in captive exotic animals. Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were frequently identified, highlighting public health risks.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Microbiology
    • Zoonotic Diseases
    • Wildlife Health

    Background:

    • Mycobacterial infections pose a significant threat to wildlife health.
    • Captive exotic animals are susceptible to various pathogens.
    • Understanding mycobacterial prevalence in these populations is crucial for disease control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the prevalence and types of mycobacteria isolated from captive exotic animals.
    • To assess the distribution of specific mycobacterial species within different animal groups and geographic locations.
    • To highlight the public health implications of mycobacterial infections in captive wildlife.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of mycobacterial isolates from 474 specimens submitted over a 5-year period.

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  • Identification of mycobacterial species, including Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Documentation of the origin of infected animals and serotype prevalence.

    • Main Results:

    • Mycobacteria were isolated from 263 (55.5%) of 474 specimens.
    • Mycobacterium avium was the most common isolate (128 animals), with serotype 1 being prevalent.
    • Mycobacterium bovis (74 animals) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (29 animals) were also frequently detected, alongside other species.

    Conclusions:

    • Mycobacterial infections are widespread in captive exotic animals.
    • The presence of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis underscores the zoonotic potential and public health importance.
    • Continued surveillance and control measures are essential to mitigate the spread of tuberculosis in these populations.