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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation With Subsequent Pneumothorax and Aortic Dissection: A Case
Rachelle Beste1, Mason Bonner1, Kara Bragg1
1Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, USA.
Cureus
|July 8, 2025
Summary
This case highlights a rare instance of concurrent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, pneumothorax, and aortic dissection in an elderly male presenting with shortness of breath. It emphasizes the importance of considering multiple serious conditions simultaneously.
Area of Science:
- Thoracic Medicine
- Emergency Medicine
- Cardiovascular Pathology
Background:
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pneumothorax are common in elderly patients.
- Acute dyspnea is a frequent emergency department presentation.
- Aortic dissection is a critical cardiovascular emergency.
Observation:
- A 74-year-old male presented with acute dyspnea.
- The patient had a history of COPD.
- Concurrent COPD exacerbation, pneumothorax, and aortic dissection were diagnosed.
Findings:
- Pneumothorax is a recognized complication of COPD.
- Aortic dissection is an exceptionally rare complication in COPD patients.
- The case demonstrates the simultaneous occurrence of these three intrathoracic pathologies.
Implications:
- Healthcare providers must consider multiple concurrent intrathoracic pathologies in patients with acute dyspnea.
- Early and comprehensive diagnostic workup is crucial for managing complex presentations.
- This case underscores the need for vigilance in diagnosing rare disease combinations.
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