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Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Cellular Zinc Regulation Through ZnT1 Functionality

Author Spotlight: Exploring Cellular Zinc Regulation Through ZnT1 Functionality

Published on: June 2, 2023

Exploring the interplay between zinc-induced protein dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction using

Xuan He¹, Jiaqi Li¹, Wenye He²

¹School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Normal University Nanjing China.

Smart Molecules : Open Access

|July 8, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed AggHX, a novel sensor to track protein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction. This tool aids in understanding cellular stress and its links to disease.

Keywords:

FLIM Zn2+ detection mitochondrial damage protein aggregates viscosity sensitivity

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Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Cellular Zinc Regulation Through ZnT1 Functionality

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Published on: June 2, 2023

Author Spotlight: Advancing Mitochondrial Research - mtHyper7 Biosensor for Subcellular Analysis

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Published on: June 2, 2023

Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells

Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells

Published on: July 22, 2013

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biochemistry
Molecular Medicine

Background:

Mitochondria are vital for cellular protein quality control.
Mitochondrial stress and protein misfolding can lead to aggregation and disease.
Monitoring intracellular environments during aggregation is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a sensor for monitoring protein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
To investigate the role of zinc (II) ions in inducing protein aggregation and stress.
To understand the relationship between protein aggregation, viscosity, and mitochondrial health.

Main Methods:

Development of a cascade-responsive sensor (AggHX) with Zn2+ recognition and near-infrared BODIPY scaffold.
Utilizing HaloTag for viscosity detection in cellular aggregation.
Employing fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for intracellular analysis.

Main Results:

AggHX successfully monitors protein aggregation microenvironments induced by Zn2+.
The sensor detects viscosity changes associated with cellular aggregation and mitochondrial stress.
FLIM reveals dynamic behavior and spatial distribution of aggregates and mitochondria.

Conclusions:

AggHX is an effective tool for studying protein aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
The study provides insights into cellular responses to stress and potential disease mechanisms.
Understanding these dynamics is crucial for cellular physiology and pathology research.