Propene epoxidation with molecular oxygen: Advancements from nanoparticle to single-atom catalysts

Propylene oxide plays a pivotal role as an organic synthesis intermediate, boasting extensive downstream applications and promising market prospects. Propene epoxidation via molecular oxygen has garnered considerable attention due to its cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, ease of operation, and straightforward product separation. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of recent advancements, ranging from nanoparticle to Single-atom catalysts (SACs), in the context of propene epoxidation using molecular oxygen. Conventional nanoparticle catalysts, including those based on Ag, Cu, and other metals, are examined with regard to their contributions to support effects, electron effects, or crystal-plane effects within the mechanistic investigation. Furthermore, emerging SACs (specifically Mo, Cu, and Co) are discussed in terms of synthesis strategies, characterization methods, and mechanism studies. This comprehensive review sheds new light on design strategies, relevant characterizations, and thorough mechanism investigations aimed at fostering the development of efficient catalysts, thereby expediting progress in the industrial implementation of propene epoxidation.