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Association between Intimate Partner Violence and Hospital-Based Healthcare Utilization: A Matched Cohort Analysis.

Amrapali Maitra1, Jeffrey L Schnipper2,3, Catherine S Yoon2

  • 1Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. amaitra@stanford.edu.

Journal of General Internal Medicine
|July 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) significantly increases hospitalization rates and healthcare use in adult patients. Early detection and intervention in hospitals are crucial for improving care for those affected by IPV.

Keywords:
Hospital-Based Healthcare UtilizationHospitalization RatesIntimate Partner Violence (IPV)Mental Health ComorbiditiesSubstance Use DisordersTrauma-Informed Care

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Healthcare Research
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a critical public health concern.
  • IPV is linked to increased healthcare utilization and adverse health outcomes.
  • Existing research on IPV predominantly focuses on emergency and outpatient settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the impact of IPV on hospitalization rates among adult patients.
  • To assess how IPV influences in-hospital outcomes and healthcare resource utilization.

Main Methods:

  • A matched cohort study was conducted across five hospitals in a Northeast academic healthcare system.
  • The study included 2095 IPV-exposed patients and 6285 matched controls hospitalized between October 2016 and October 2019.
  • Key outcomes included hospitalization rates, length of stay, healthcare utilization, and in-hospital morbidity, analyzed using multivariable regression and staged mediator analyses.

Main Results:

  • IPV-exposed patients exhibited significantly higher hospitalization rates (1.12/year vs. 0.74/year) compared to controls.
  • IPV exposure was associated with longer lengths of stay, increased restraint use, self-directed discharge, and higher pain scores.
  • Mental health and substance use diagnoses mediated 9% and 15% of the primary outcome, respectively, with both accounting for 19% mediation.

Conclusions:

  • IPV exposure is demonstrably associated with elevated hospitalization rates and increased in-hospital morbidity and resource use.
  • These findings highlight the necessity of implementing IPV screening and intervention programs within hospital settings.
  • Effective hospital-based interventions are vital for enhancing the care and outcomes of patients experiencing intimate partner violence.