What out-of-body experiences may tell us about the mind beyond the brain

The mind-body problem remains a central issue in the philosophy of mind. This paper examines how out-of-body experiences (OBEs) might provide insights into the relationship between the mind and body. Four interpretations of OBEs are considered. The first posits that OBEs arise from neural or sensory dysfunction, framing them as products of brain activity. From this perspective, OBEs are akin to other sensory or subjective experiences, with the mind and brain viewed as two aspects of the same underlying reality. Secondly, anecdotal evidence and some experimental evidence may suggest that the mind can perceive distant information or 'project' to distant locations, which would suggest the non-locality of consciousness. Thirdly, anecdotal reports of OBEs occurring in clinical settings while the brain is not functioning normally pose the question of the independence of the mind from the brain. Finally, subjective feelings of survival, as well as OBEs occurring around the time of clinical death may constitute support for the 'survival' hypothesis. The present paper aims to demonstrate the relevance of OBEs to the debates on the mind-body relationship, by showing and discussing evidence that has given weight to the various views.