Gut microbiota's role in heart failure

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Microbiology
• Cardiology

Background:

• The gut-heart axis is crucial in heart failure (HF) pathogenesis.
• Gut microbiota composition varies in HF patients based on nationality, etiology, and NYHA classification.
• Gut-derived metabolites (SCFAs, TMAO, bile acids, LPS) impact HF progression via specific pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of the gut microbiome on HF progression.
• To summarize the influence of gut microbiota on HF treatments, including standard and advanced therapies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of current data on gut microbiome and HF.
• Analysis of studies investigating gut microbiota composition and function in HF patients.
• Examination of the role of gut-derived metabolites in HF pathogenesis.
• Assessment of the effects of HF treatments on gut microbiota.

Main Results:

• Gut microbiota composition differs significantly between HF patients and healthy individuals.
• Gut-derived metabolites are implicated in HF progression through various mechanisms.
• Cardiovascular medications and advanced HF interventions alter gut microbiota.
• Mechanisms underlying these alterations are not fully established.

Conclusions:

• The gut microbiome plays a complex role in heart failure development and progression.
• Gut microbiota modulation represents a potential therapeutic target for HF.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and optimize interventions.