Children and Young Adults Who Used Medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Faced Increased Cardiac
Howaida Elmowafi1, Jenny M Kindblom2,3, Linda Halldner4,5
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Aim:
There have been concerns about links between medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cardiac events in children and young people. Our aim was to identify any associations.
Method:
This Swedish case-control study used national register data to identify individuals aged 5-30 years who received their first diagnosis of a cardiac arrest, arrhythmia, fainting or collapse in 2006-2018. Each case was matched with five controls, by age, sex and region. Associations between ADHD medication and cardiac events were assessed using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Adjustments were made for concomitant medications and comorbidities, including congenital heart disease (CHD).
Results:
We studied 112 605 cases (57.9% female), with a median age of 20 years (range 5-30), and 563 024 matched controls. Using ADHD medication was associated with cardiac events (aOR 1.63, 95% CI 1.47-1.81) across sexes and age groups. Undefined arrhythmias had the strongest association (aOR 2.66, 95% CI 2.27-3.13). Cardiac arrests and defined arrhythmias had no associations. Long-term medication was associated with an increased risk (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12-1.28). CHD had no impact.
Conclusion:
ADHD medication was associated with cardiac events, particularly undefined arrhythmias. CHD did not increase the risk.
More Related Videos
05:48The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
Published on: June 12, 2020
13:09Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
Published on: April 1, 2018
Related Concept Videos
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
01:24Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers
01:27Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers
01:30Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and...
01:22Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
01:21Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview