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Anemia and Transfusion in Infective Endocarditis.
Tim Alberts1, Susanne Eberl1, Thomas W van der Vaart2
1Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine
|July 9, 2025
Summary
Anemia is common in infective endocarditis (IE) and requires careful management. This review examines anemia causes, impacts, and transfusion strategies in IE patients, highlighting the need for further research.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious heart infection with high morbidity and mortality.
- Anemia is a frequent complication in IE patients, linked to chronic inflammation, hemolysis, kidney disease, and iron deficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the prevalence, causes, and clinical impact of anemia in IE.
- To evaluate the role and complexities of blood transfusion in managing IE patients.
- To explore alternative and future management strategies for anemia in IE.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review on anemia in infective endocarditis.
- Analysis of diagnostic approaches combining clinical and laboratory data.
- Examination of current and emerging treatment strategies, including transfusions and pharmacological agents.
Main Results:
- Anemia is prevalent in IE, multifactorial in origin.
- Blood transfusion is common, particularly in surgical IE cases, but evidence supporting its use is limited.
- Management requires balancing transfusion risks with anemia correction, alongside considering iron supplementation and ESAs.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of anemia in IE necessitates a comprehensive, individualized approach.
- Further research is crucial to address knowledge gaps and develop evidence-based guidelines.
- Optimizing care pathways and exploring novel therapies can improve outcomes for IE patients with anemia.
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