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Insights Into Rural Youth Physical Activity: The Role of Micro- and Macro-Level Environments.

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Physical activity environments, both home and built, are linked to rural children's activity levels. Improving physical supports can increase moderate-to-vigorous and total physical activity (PA) in youth.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Pediatric health
  • Public health

Background:

  • Rural children are an underrepresented group in physical activity (PA) research.
  • PA environments exist at micro- (home) and macro- (built) levels.
  • Understanding these environments is crucial for childhood obesity prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine which environmental supports explain variation in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and total PA in rural children.
  • To analyze the impact of micro- and macro-level environmental supports on children's PA behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis from the NU-HOME childhood obesity prevention RCT.
  • Utilized geospatial analysis, accelerometry, and surveys to assess PA environments and behaviors in 105 children (age 7-10).
  • Employed sequential multiple linear regression models to evaluate the explanatory power of sociodemographic, physical, and social supports.

Main Results:

  • Physical supports at both micro- and macro-levels significantly explained variation in MVPA (ΔR2=0.06-0.13, p<0.05).
  • Physical supports also explained differences in total PA at both levels (ΔR2=0.09-0.17, p<0.05).
  • Neither physical nor social supports significantly improved explained variance in VPA.

Conclusions:

  • Physical environmental supports play a key role in promoting PA in rural youth.
  • Expanding access to PA equipment and infrastructure may help mitigate inactivity in this population.
  • Further research is needed to confirm these findings and inform interventions.