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Protein Organization

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence....

Protein Folding

Protein Folding

Protein and Protein Structure

Protein and Protein Structure

Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules

Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules

Published on: July 25, 2013

Direct from the Seed: An Atomic-Resolution Protein Structure by Ab Initio MicroED.

Purna Chandra Rao Vasireddy¹, Timothy Low-Beer¹, Katherine A Spoth²

¹Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|July 9, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered that protein nanocrystals, formed during purification, are ideal for microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED). This method achieved a record 0.85 Å resolution, enabling automated model building and hydrogen atom resolution.

Keywords:

Atomic Resolution Cryo-EM Microcrystal electron diffraction Natural Product Phasing

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Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Structural Studies of Macromolecules in Solution using Small Angle X-Ray Scattering

Published on: November 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Structural Biology
Biophysics
Materials Science

Background:

Traditional X-ray crystallography faces limitations with certain protein samples.
Protein purification can yield unexpected crystalline forms.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the utility of spontaneously formed protein nanocrystals for high-resolution structure determination.
To establish a novel workflow for solving protein structures from raw biological samples.

Main Methods:

Spontaneous formation of protein nanocrystals during crambin purification.
High-throughput data collection using microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED).
Ab initio structure solution and automated model building.

Main Results:

Achieved a record 0.85 Å resolution protein structure from nanocrystals.
Obtained high correlation coefficients (>99%) across 58 nanocrystals.
Enabled automated model building and resolved individual hydrogen atoms.

Conclusions:

Spontaneously formed protein nanocrystals are suitable for MicroED.
This workflow provides a scalable pipeline for atomic-level protein structure determination.
Enables structural analysis of previously intractable biological targets.